Clinically referred to as sexual dysfunctions, these disorders involve persistent disturbances in sexual response or significant distress related to sexual functioning. According to diagnostic systems such as the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, symptoms must:

•  Persist for at least six months,
•  Occur frequently or consistently,
•  Cause significant personal distress or interpersonal difficulty,
•  Not be better explained by medical conditions, substance use, or severe relationship conflicts

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Sexual disorders are broadly classified into disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual
pain.

Types of Sexual Disorders

1. Disorders of Sexual Desire

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder involves a persistent lack of sexual thoughts or
interest in sexual activity.

Common Signs:

•  Reduced libido
•  Lack of sexual fantasies
•  Disinterest in initiating or engaging in intimacy

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder is characterised by reduced sexual interest,
arousal, and responsiveness.

Common Signs:

•  Diminished desire and excitement
•  Reduced sexual pleasure
•  Difficulty becoming physically aroused

2. Disorders of Sexual Arousal

Erectile Disorder

Erectile Disorder refers to persistent difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection
sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity.

Common Signs:

•  Trouble attaining or sustaining an erection
•  Reduced rigidity
•  Anxiety related to sexual performance

3. Disorders of Orgasm

Premature (Early) Ejaculation

Premature Ejaculation involves ejaculation that occurs sooner than desired, often within a
minute of penetration.

Delayed Ejaculation

Delayed Ejaculation is characterised by a marked delay or absence of ejaculation despite
adequate stimulation.

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Female Orgasmic Disorder involves difficulty in achieving orgasm or reduced intensity of
orgasmic sensations.

4. Sexual Pain Disorders

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder includes pain, fear, or difficulty associated with
vaginal penetration. It encompasses conditions previously termed vaginismus and
dyspareunia.

Common Signs:

•  Pain during intercourse
•  Involuntary tightening of vaginal muscles
•  Anxiety or fear related to penetration

Common Signs and Symptoms

Emotional Symptoms

•  Distress, embarrassment, or frustration
•  Anxiety related to sexual performance
•  Reduced confidence and self-esteem

Physical Symptoms

•  Pain during intercourse
•  Difficulty with arousal or orgasm
•  Erectile or ejaculatory difficulties

Behavioural Symptoms

•  Avoidance of intimacy
•  Reduced sexual activity
•  Relationship dissatisfaction

When to Seek Professional Help
Consult a qualified professional if:

•  Difficulties persist for six months or longer.
•  Sexual concerns cause personal distress or relationship problems.
•  Pain or discomfort occurs during sexual activity.
•  There is a sudden or unexplained change in sexual functioning.
•  Emotional issues such as anxiety or depression accompany sexual difficulties.

Early intervention improves treatment outcomes and enhances overall well-being